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The differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes  Type 1 Diabetes: What Is Type 1 Diabetes: Type 1 diabetes is a long-term medical condition in which the body cannot control blood sugar because it does not produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps sugar move from the blood into the body’s cells to be used as energy. Role of insulin: Insulin acts like a key that opens the door for sugar to enter body cells. Without insulin, cells cannot get the energy they need to work properly. Immune system problem: In Type 1 diabetes, the immune system makes a serious mistake. Instead of protecting the body, it attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Damage to the pancreas: As the immune attack continues, beta cells are gradually destroyed. The pancreas slowly loses its ability to produce insulin. Insulin production stops: When most beta cells are damaged, the pancreas makes little or no insulin. At this stage, the body cannot control blood sugar on its own. Sugar remai...

Prevention methods of diabetes   prevention for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. The two types are very different in this area. Type 1 Diabetes – Prevention There is currently no known way to prevent Type 1 diabetes. Type 1 happens because the immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells, and scientists don’t fully know what triggers it. It’s not caused by diet, exercise, or lifestyle, and nothing a person does can stop it from developing. So if someone gets Type 1, it is not their fault. Researchers are studying possible protective methods for high-risk people, but nothing is proven for general prevention. Type 2 Diabetes – Prevention (or lowering risk) Type 2 is influenced by genetics, environment, and daily habits. You can lower the risk, especially as a teen, with simple, healthy routines. 1. Stay active Even small steps help: Walking Biking Sports Dancing PE class Home workouts Regular movement helps your body use insulin more effectively. 2. Balanced eating habits This does n...

  Exercises for diabetics  P eople with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes can usually do many of the same kinds of exercise, but the safest plan depends on the person, their health, and what their doctor recommends. Here’s a simple, teen-friendly overview. Safe Types of Exercise for Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes 1. Aerobic (cardio) activities Good for heart health and blood sugar control. Examples: Walking Biking Swimming Dancing Jogging (if comfortable) Jump rope PE class activities These can be done at an easy or moderate pace — no extreme training needed. 2. Strength training Helps muscles use glucose better. Examples: Body-weight exercises (squats, wall sits, lunges, push-ups on knees, planks) Resistance bands Light dumbbells (if approved by a parent/coach/doctor) Strength training usually only needs to be done 2–3 days a week, not every day. 3. Flexibility & balance Good for mobility and avoiding injuries. Examples: Stretching Yoga Pilates Balance exercises These are gentle but...

Tests for Both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Doctors usually start with blood tests that measure how the body handles glucose (sugar). 1. Fasting Blood Glucose Test Measures blood sugar after not eating for about 8 hours. Higher-than-normal levels may mean diabetes or prediabetes. 2. HbA1c Test (A1C) Shows your average blood sugar levels over the past 2–3 months. Used to diagnose both types and to monitor diabetes long-term. 3. Random Blood Glucose Test Blood sugar is checked at any time, even if you just ate. Very high levels can signal diabetes. 4. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) Blood sugar is tested before and after drinking a sugary liquid. Checks how well your body handles glucose over time. Tests That Help Determine Type 1 Diabetes These tests help tell whether the diabetes is autoimmune. 1. Autoantibody Tests Doctors check for specific antibodies that attack insulin-producing cells, such as: GAD antibodies IA-2 antibodies ZnT8 antibodies Having these suggests Type 1 diabetes. 2...

Causes of diabetes  Causes of Type 1 Diabetes:  Type 1 diabetes happens when the body mistakenly destroys the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. Autoimmune reaction: 1. Meaning of Autoimmune Reaction An autoimmune reaction happens when the body’s immune system attacks its own healthy cells by mistake. 2. Normal Immune System Role Normally, the immune system protects the body from germs like bacteria and viruses. 3. Mistaken Attack on Pancreas In type 1 diabetes, the immune system wrongly attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. 4. Destruction of Beta Cells These insulin-producing cells, called beta cells, get damaged or destroyed over time. 5. Loss of Insulin Production     W hen beta cells are destroyed, the body cannot make insulin. 6. Resulting High Blood Sugar Without insulin, sugar cannot enter cells and builds up in the blood. 7. Long-Term Effect This autoimmune damage is permanent and leads to lifelong type 1 diabetes. The immune system atta...

Symptoms of  Diabetes  Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes:  Type 1 happens when the body stops making insulin. Symptoms usually come on quickly, over days or weeks. Increased Thirst (Polydipsia): 1.What Increased Thirst Means Increased thirst means feeling very thirsty all the time, even after drinking water. 2. Why It Happens In type 1 diabetes, the body does not make insulin. Without insulin, sugar stays in the blood instead of going into cells. 3. High Blood Sugar Effect Too much sugar in the blood makes the blood thick and concentrated. 4. Body Tries to Balance To reduce high sugar, the body pulls water from tissues and sends sugar out through urine. 5. Resulting Thirst Loss of water causes dehydration, which makes the person feel very thirsty again and again. 6. Daily Life Impact The person may drink water frequently, even at night. Frequent Urination (Polyuria): 1. What Frequent Urination Means Frequent urination means passing urine many times a day and night, more than us...