Health care plus

Diabetes It's a chronic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels resulting from the body's inability to produce or effectively use insulin.  Diabetes is a chronic health condition that affects how your body turns food into energy. It occurs when the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin  Insulin that helps glucose from the food you eat enter your cells to be used as energy.  When this process is impaired, glucose stays in the bloodstream, leading to high blood sugar le vels. Definition terms of diabetes Prediabetes: Prediabetes means your blood sugar is higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes.  It’s a warning sign that you might develop type 2 diabetes in the future.  Often, it doesn’t have noticeable symptoms, so many people don’t realize they have it Glucose: Glucose is a blood sugar and a primary energy source for cells in living organisms, essential for metabolism and cellular function...

High blood sugar can Causes  Nephropathy:   It's also called diabetic kidney disease.   It happens when high blood sugar can damage the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys.  Over time, the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste and extra fluid from the blood properly. This can lead to swelling, high blood pressure, and waste buildup in the body.   If not treated, it may progress to kidney failure, requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant. Neuropathy:   I t's also called diabetic nerve disease. It happens when high blood sugar can damage the nerves in the legs, often leading to symptoms like pain, tingling, or numbness.  high blood sugar levels over time can harm the small blood vessels that supply the nerves. As a result, you may lose sensation in your feet or legs, making it harder to notice injuries.  Retinopathy:  It's also called diabetic eye disease. It happens when high blood sugar levels can damage the tiny blood ...

Types of Diabetes There are several types of diabetes, each with different causes and management approaches.   Type 1 Diabetes:  Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.  leading to little or no insulin production. T ype 1 diabetes:when the pancreas does not produce insulin it is called type 1 diabetes. It usually develops mostly in children, Teenagers, and  Young adults. It can occur at any age.   Type 2 Diabetes:  Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition where the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin.  leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Type 2 diabetes:  when the pancreas produces very little insulin is called type 2 diabetes. In type two diabetes, our cells, which produce insulin, do not respond to it. The glucose in the blood does not reach the cells, causing the cells to lack nutrients. The body becomes resist...

Types of blood sugar levels Blood sugar levels in children  It’s important to note that blood sugar levels can vary slightly based on the child's age, activity level, and other factors. Fasting test (no food for at least 8 hours):  "  Normal "  70– 100 mg/dL (3.9–5.6 mmol/L) " Pre-diabetes " 100–125 mg/dL (5.6–6.9 mmol/L) " Diabetes " above (≥) 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) Postprandial test (2 hours after eating): " Normal " Less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) Random Blood Sugar test (taken any time of the day): " Normal " 70–140 mg/dL (3.9–7.8 mmol/L) " Diabetes." A level " above (> ) 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L)   Hb A1c  test (average over 3 months): " Normal " Less than 5.7% " Pre-diabetes " 5.7%–6.4% " Diabetes " above (≥ ) 6.5%   If you’re concerned about your child’s blood sugar levels, consult a pediatrician for a proper evaluation. Pl (3.9–5.6 mmol/L) thirst or urination. Blood sugar l...

Common tests for diabetes  Fasting blood sugar test   The fasting test for diabetes is called the fasting blood glucose test.  It measures your blood sugar levels after you haven’t eaten or had anything to drink (except water). Doctors use this test to see how well your body manages sugar when no food is present. Preparation Before the Test: You will be asked to fast (not eat or drink anything except water)  for at least 8–12 hours before the test. Usually, the test is scheduled for the morning to make fasting easier overnight. Blood Sample Collection: A healthcare provider will take a small sample of blood.  usually from a vein in your arm, using a needle. This process is quick and usually takes only a few minutes. Results: You will receive your test results, which will show your fasting blood sugar level in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or millimoles per liter (mmol/L). Normal :    Less than 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) P Prediabetes:    100–1...

Check blood sugar levels at home Check blood sugar levels with a glucometer or C.G.M. at home. Glucometer A Glucometer is a small device that measures the amount of sugar (glucose) in your blood.  It’s commonly used by people with diabetes to monitor their blood sugar levels.   Parts of glucometer: Display unit :  It's a digital screen that shows blood glucose levels. Typically measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or millimoles per liter (mmol/L). Depending on regional standards. Lancet device: It's a small, spring-loaded instrument used to prick the skin and obtain a drop of blood for blood glucose testing. Test strips:  These are small, disposable strips used to measure blood glucose levels by collecting a drop of blood . and providing a reading when inserted into the glucometer. How to use a Gluco meter   Using a glucometer (a blood sugar monitor) 1. Prepare the device:  Make sure your glucometer is clean and working. Insert a test strip int...